Systemd dynamicuser Notes; Search; GitHub; Systemd Service With DynamicUser and Port Below 1024 Apr 06, 2020 · #linux · #linux/capabilities · #systemd · #systemd/service. Moreover, the service is available for all users. Use the systemd DynamicUser=yes option where possible for system users. 探索 systemd Dynamic User 如何工作 简介. Under systemd services are not started imperatively using shell scripts but rather declaratively using configuration files. I setup a tmpfilesRules to make /tank/mealie and make the mealie user the The following well-known services are shown among this list: io. 19 has native support for declarative user and group creation through integration with systemd’s sysusers. I’m trying to run the mealie module from Nixos. Have systemd-run's --uid option imply -p This bug report describes a bug in systemd that allows a service with DynamicUser in collaboration with another service or user to create a setuid binary that can be used to access its UID beyond the lifetime of the service. If you are a beginner to systemd then I would 新版本的systemd不再推荐使用nobody用户。当使用nobody用户的时候systemd的日志以及dmesg里会出现以下报错 Special user nobody configured, this is not safe! systemd官方的解决方案为使用DynamicUser=yes代替 详 I have a secrets file that I want a systemd service to read. 1-1199. 5 and 246 Used distribution Gentoo Linux Expected behaviour you didn't see Loggin in succeeds. -> Entries in the user configuration can't be added manually, because of the dynamic nature of the dynamic user id. And, of course, it fails, because DynamicUser conflates several things like user/group management and a sort of 'lite' sandboxing. 0-26-generic CPU architectures issue was seen on x86_64 Component systemd-userdb Expected behaviour you didn't see Switching services from DynamicUser=yes to DynamicUser=no may also cause the service to break if for instance on a clean install the systemd-resolve and systemd-network users would not exist. Modified 1 year, 3 months ago. Visit Stack Exchange I've tried using a StateDirectory for the dynamic user and putting a copy of the certificates in there, but @poettering says Of course, services shouldn't using StateDirectory= if they can't start with an empty state directory in the first place in systemd does not change the user and group ownership of RuntimeDirectory when root is not Today we released systemd 235. Re: Systemd dynamic user and permissions (mosquitto) The "fullchain. Should the owner of that original credential file be the one who runs the service? If yes, then the file can be read just like env If you run from the script: systemd-run -P -p DynamicUser=yes -p CacheDirectory=mywrapper sh -c read This will do all the setup with the symlink to /var/cache/private, and then just hang. Viewed 2k times 3 . via setuid or setgid bits, or filesystem capabilities). This service is provided by the system service manager itself (i. exec - Execution environment configuration SYNOPSIS service. name | unit directives | options on the kernel command line | smbios type 11 variables | environment variables | system [Unit] Description = QoTD [Service] # Note the - to make systemd ignore the exit code ExecStart =-/ usr / games / fortune # This is the part that makes it work like inetd StandardOutput = socket # Run as a dynamic user io. For example, it sets the hostname or configures the loopback network device. Copy link uselibrary commented Dec 5, 2022. 11. 1 PrivateDevices= Service has no access to hardware devices PrivateMounts= Service cannot install system mounts With Ubuntu 14. swap DESCRIPTION Unit configuration files for services, sockets, mount points, and swap devices share a subset of configuration options which define the execution environment of spawned If these options are not used and dynamic user/group allocation is enabled for a unit, the name of the dynamic user/group is implicitly derived from the unit name. The user Option. To avoid the hassle of maintaining a separate user and group for just this purpose, we could use a systemd feature called DynamicUser. This is used to provide some assurance, that no file created with the dynamic UID will be accessible, if the UID is later re-used by a Running nobody (or dynamic user) with CAP_NET_RAW in systemd. Used distribution Fedora 28. How to change the user or group of a systemd service unit file. In #7253, @poettering wrote, SELinux is preventing abrt-dump-journ from 'write' accesses on the sock_file io. html. Using systemd-sysusers. 也许我们应该用 DynamicUser=1 来替换它，或为程序专门分配一个系统用户和系统组。. It also sets up and mounts various API file systems, such as /sys/, /proc/, and /dev/. However, systemd doesn’t wait forever, after 5 seconds it forks the process anyway, regardless of whether there are other activating units or not. Stale. Edit: maybe you could run it with execstart(pre) with an exclamation mark prefix (!/bin/foo) as described in Table 1 in systemd. DynamicUser=yes # Optional, explicitly note user name User=foo. 15. io. systemd is not directly initiated by the user, but installed through the /sbin/init and started during the early boot. socket and waldo. why does application not start with systemd script. Expected behaviour you didn't see. systemd version the issue has been seen with 242 Used distribution NixOS (also reproduced by @poettering on Fedora) Expected behaviour you didn't see Starting the service Unexpected behaviour you saw Failed to start service, see log belo If I understand correctly, the recommendation for running a systemd service is to do it with DynamicUser when possible, if not then do it with a SystemUser. Specifically: io. Copy link iszhi commented Nov 4, 2022 Tell your users to override the service by creating a drop-in snippet through the use of the edit option in systemctl. However if you can't change the daemon in question you can workaround it by first creating simple unit which will check file existence and create corresponding environment variable and than add "EnvironmentFile=" to your unit. See systemd. To enjoy that fix, I overrode the responsible module with imports = [ inputs. The biggest change is the move from Upstart to Systemd for managing services. ReadWritePaths works with DynamicUser. service NAME DESCRIPTION EXPOSURE User=/DynamicUser= Service runs under a static non-root user identity DeviceAllow= Service has a device ACL with some special devices 0. In case of bug report: Unexpected behaviour you saw. Create an RPM package that owns the directories, systemd Basics Intro Very brief introduction on systemd 101 Some Fun Examples Share some interesting use cases I stumbled across yesterday. service and systemd-journal-upload. Ask Question Asked 1 year, 3 months ago. We can see that our proof of concept is very insecure, but we There’s a link to Dynamic Users with systemd which includes:. fc28. DynamicUser which is implemented by the manager started by test-execute. Requires systemd 232+. d and rpm will take care of the rest. Someone might ask why you would use systemctl with DynamicUser in the first place. To run processes without root privileges you can use DynamicUser= or a static user with User= in systemd. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. mount, swap. A good explanation for DynamicUser can be found in this blog post: http://0pointer. Thus, the user database is used as synchronization mechanism to ensure exclusive ownership of UIDs and UID ranges. exec-dynamicuser Feb 19 delta systemd[1]: create-dynamic-user-group-bar. txt file with 777 permissions: sudo mkdir -p /op. 22-1~deb12u1) Used distribution Debian 12 Linux kernel version used 6. If the unit name without the type suffix qualifies as valid user name it is used directly There's no such facility in systemd - because this sort of logic really belongs inside of daemon. Then, we delved into the practical aspects of enabling systemd user lingering, configuring the DBus socket and Remove "DynamicUser=yes" in . Here is my waldo. 3 to 250. Edit: lightdm uses accountservice to provide the user list which I would have thought would ignore DynamicUser as having an invalid shell https://cgit The question is who systemd instance is running the service and who should execute the commands in it. The webapp needs to have the correct XDG_RUNTIME_DIR= in its environment so that it could find the systemd. Describe the solution you'd like. Systemd cannot exec a start command with error: No such file or directory, but the path is correct and permissions are correct aswell. 19. In addition it synthesizes JSON user/group records from classic UNIX/glibc NSS user/group records in order to provide full backwards compatibility. 59 CPU architectures issue was seen on x86_64 Component sys If these options are not used and dynamic user/group allocation is enabled for a unit, the name of the dynamic user/group is implicitly derived from the unit name. ) I assume something about filesystem visibility for systemd dynamic users but meh, life is short and I have a hammer. consumed by dbus-daemon or dbus-broker. 39d7f92 Linux kernel version used 5. By default it works, and puts the database under /var and /var/private through systemd dynamic user stuff. However the systemd service for alertmanager uses DynamicUser=true which means that before the service starts, it is not known what the uid of the user is and it is not possible to set the correct permissions on the password file. 3 sudo systemd-run -p DynamicUser=1 --collect --pty systemctl is-system-running. This can place a password file into a Reload the daemon (systemctl daemon-reload) and start the unit (systemctl start test-service. It is the default initialization system for major Linux distributions. Submission type Bug report systemd version the issue has been seen with systemd-236-1. 0. This option may be specified more than once in which case all listed variables will be set. how much should a new SSH session of a user with backgrounded GUI account for in comparison with a foregrounded user GUI). Viewed 607 times I have verified the owner user and group of the entire folder structure matches the UID of the dynamic user running bazel-remote, and the permissions are set to 755, Stack Exchange Network. exec 中文手册 [金步国作品集] systemd. fc29. service. Steps to reproduce the problem $ sudo systemd-run --pty --property=DynamicUser=yes --property=StateDirectory=wuff /bin/sh Running as unit: run-u32. Let's assume the ExecStart part of your service declares the following: [Service] ExecStart=. . 5. ignore_chown_errors=true . ExecStart = / usr / local / bin / lunchd ProtectSystem = strict ProtectHome = true PrivateUsers = true PrivateTmp = true DynamicUser = yes [Install] WantedBy = multi systemd 240, Ubuntu 19. exec - Execution environment configuration If these options are not used and dynamic user/group allocation is enabled for a unit, the name of the dynamic user/group is implicitly derived from the unit name. Closed uselibrary opened this issue Dec 5, 2022 · 4 comments Closed systemd由nobody更改为DynamicUser #2197. $ sudo systemctl --user -M myuser@ start ap@inst1 A side-note: If you want to get an interactive login shell for the user myuser $ sudo machinectl shell myuser@ Share. 1023-1 Used distribution Manjaro From Journalctl I get: manjaro systemd[694]: systemd-timesyncd. /program arg1 It's not possible to pass multiple parameters to the a systemd template (see related mailing list discussion). This option probably warrants its own post to explore, but briefly, the systemd implementation is brilliant because it dynamically (as the name A number of systemd components take additional runtime parameters via environment variables. Unexpected behaviour you saw HOME is not set, when the unit file Felix Ehrenpfort. Unexpected behaviour you saw Logging in succeeds, but the user never gets a shell. From GitHub gist:. Use systemd-sysusers, for systemd version the issue has been seen with 245. Systemd has compile-time default for these boundaries. If the unit name without the type suffix qualifies as valid user name it is used directly, otherwise a name incorporating a systemd由nobody更改为DynamicUser #2197. This can be done by setting the DynamicUser property but implying DynamicUser when --uid is used would be less verbose. I try to use DynamicUser in units to decrease their permissions at maximum. toml files if you want frp run in root (which is not suggested for security reason). This is significantly better than the pattern of allocating users or groups at package install time, because it avoids potential UID or GID drift. Note for the DynamicUser= and the systemd-nspawn allocation ranges: when a UID allocation takes place NSS is checked for collisions first, and a different UID is picked if an entry is found. Use systemd-analyze syscall-filter For the dynamic case, systemd-logind looks like a viable starting point for the changes notifications [1], however, I think the resource implications should be done elsewhere to make it configurable (e. This is the simplest and most effective way to @sausix Ah yes, of course. It seems there are other settings that enable the NoNewPrivileges even when it's set to false. Dynamic users are a powerful but little known concept, supported in its basic form since systemd 232. #6113. Is there any way to run it without privilege? comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. With this blog story I hope to make it a bit better known. The application does not support socket activation so that's why it wasn't working. There's a good dev's Description¶. First, check the passwd: line in /etc/nsswitch. That is very new in terms of systemd features. Without Users and Groups. The command calculates an overall “ exposure level ” that is an estimation in It is even possible to create a custom user with the DynamicUser= directive. A number of systemd components take additional runtime parameters via environment variables. We systemd. py: No such file or directory You can replace everything I said in step two with a single line DynamicUser=true. 20220808. With dynamic user sessions, the system can create a tailored environment based on the user’s specific needs and configurations. Also add dependency [RFE] more dynamic user slices #12989. And yet I have to be a bit of a downer. [Socket] ListenStream=2048 Accept=yes And the corresponding [email protected] [Service] ExecStart=-sleep 300 DynamicUser=yes It works nicely, but I discovered that all sleep 300 are launched with the same UID. The system user is deallocated Dynamic User Sessions. unit (5) for the common options of all unit configuration files, and If these options are not used and dynamic user/group allocation is enabled for a unit, the name of the dynamic user/group is implicitly derived from the unit name. Quoting @martinpitt from IRC: (1) Create a systemd service with DynamicUser=true and User=user where user is not static in the system (maybe static setups fails also, I did not test. DynamicUser This service is provided by the system service manager itself (i. exec(5) for details about this setting). systemd 248 (released March 2021) introduced support for the syntax -M myuser@ for specifying another user. socket. This removes the implication when DynamicUser=no. Though which one is more secure? Sets the working directory for executed processes. But this is for the directories works well when DynamicUser= is set. Lots of OS'es have Submission type. EL 7 at 219 does not have those options. $ ps fax -o uid,pid,cmd | systemd version the issue has been seen with v239 Though this has been reported for systemd-networkd, which switched to use a dynamic user lately. conf a long time ago, so it would be nice if this could be solved for systemd-journal-gatewayd. Many of these environment variables are not supported at the same level as command line switches and other interfaces are: we don't document them in the man pages and we make no stability guarantees for them I have a systemd service that is making use of DynamicUser and StateDirectory in the unit file, so the service can be restarted freely without losing data. • The systemd documentation does not specify if UIDs are chosen sequentially, at random, or via some systemd version the issue has been seen with. 动态用户是一个强 I'm following the Dynamic Users with systemd post and creating the waldo. directives(7) — linux manual page. pp Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe. Open martinpitt opened this issue Mar 20, 2024 · 4 comments Open SELinux is preventing abrt-dump-journ from 'write' accesses on the sock_file io. service Press ^] three times within 1s to systemd version the issue has been seen with 252 (distro version) Used distribution Clear Linux 40010 Linux kernel version used 6. service: Failed at step STATE_DIRECTORY spawning /us systemd version the issue has been seen with 251. A systemd service unit called dynamic. Contribute to systemd/systemd development by creating an account on GitHub. From what I understand, when using LogsDirectory=foo with DynamicUser=yes in systemd service, the directory is created as a symlink to a private directory, that is readable only by root. Use the systemd-analyze security command to analyze security settings of specified systemd service units. sock: connect: permission denied. The proces I have a systemd user service which needs to access a folder owned by a Unix group which is inside another folder owned by another Unix group. If you now add DynamicUser=true to your unit, reload the daemon and restart the service the To learn about creating systemd services, starting, stopping, and enabling them, refer to this follow-up article. I get unix /var/run/docker. Does this concept make sense? The systemd version you checked that didn't have the feature you are asking for 250. It does not mean "use a dynamic user, and fail if there is a static user" Seen with v250 and latest git HEAD. exec (5) for details), Trying to start a container using systemd with DynamicUser doesn't work. So nss-systemd tries to connect to test-execute via a unix domain socket while test-execute is blocking on getpwnam. It may also pick up statically defined As far as I know, If the owner has not granted permissions sufficient for the other (non-root) user, then it is impossible without bindfs (which you packaged in the AUR), but it that is not integrated in systemd. users synthesized as effect of DynamicUser= in service unit files) as these advanced JSON records, making them discoverable to the rest of the system. If the unit name without the type suffix qualifies as valid user name it is used directly, otherwise a name incorporating a hash of it is used. So lets keep this closed. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red nss-systemd is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of the GNU C Library (glibc), providing UNIX user and group name resolution for dynamic users and groups allocated through the DynamicUser= option in systemd unit files. My systemd service sets up a Docker container (with specified network), then attach to that container for control with ExecStart & ExecStop. exec (5) for details about this setting). But Don't. Notes. This simple API only exposes only three method calls, and requires only a small subset of the Varlink functionality. Request for enhancement (RFE) DynamicUser option from systemd 235 allows to create in runtime new unique user and group for spawned service's process, however it's impossible now to organize interprocess communication via shared memory, messages queues and etc without setting them read/write grants to 'other' part of permissions mode or pass the How to configure an existing systemd service to run as a specific user or group. Now celebrating our 42nd systemd version the issue has been seen with systemd-239-2. systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems. Since systemd-{networkd,resolved,timesyncd} use DynamicUser=yes, the systemd package in Debian no longer allocates a static system user for them. service is a small service that can I’m trying to run the mealie module from Nixos. This allows software packages to easily add and remove application-specific user accounts by dropping appropriate JSON • We do have accounts with UIDs in the range that systemd uses for the DynamicUser feature. First I was bitten by a segfault of newuidmap similar to this one which was since solved here. exec. systemd will also reset the system clock during early boot if it Component systemd Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe Right now, if one specifies LogsDirectory= in a service file, systemd creates it if missing (the good part), does som We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. DynamicUser=false This happens when the user name selected by systemd already exists on the system. I want to run service with cap_net_raw capabilities but with no any interaction with filesystem and/or other processes. DynamicUser file on it. Really. When there aren't any, you need to loginctl enable-linger <user> to have the service manager be always running for that user. If set to " ~ ", the home directory of the user specified in User= is used. On the other hand we have static configuration files which reference those users and are e. When running the unit-tests via LXC/autopkgtest I get the following failure in test-execute: exec-dynamicuser-statedir. It’s also possible to declare sysusers. However, the systemd service only appears to have the I’m using a reasonably recent Linux distribution with systemd, so I’m going to use that to start the service when the machine boots. Their home directories are set up under /var/lib/{USERNAME}, and persist over time. org/software/systemd/man/systemd. 235. When using a DynamicUser, the processes user and group are allocated a UID/GID between 61184 and 65519. service: Child 6387 belongs to exec-dynamicuser-statedir. The simplest solution is to unset DynamicUser so that the existing user account is used. I have a user "bob" who has uid 4000 and is a member of the group "analysis". In case of bug report: Expected behaviour you didn't see. For backup reasons, I actually want to set the mealie DATA_DIR option to put these files in my zfs zpool (/tank/mealie for example). systemd version the issue has been seen with 242 Used distribution Arch Linux Expected behaviour you didn't see The following config will take effect [Service] User=someuser Group=somegroup DynamicUser=true NoNewPrivileges=false Restrict Most current Linux distribtions use systemd nowadays. The basic unit file looks like this. Modified 4 years, 2 months ago. 3. NoNewPrivileges. I can reproduce it by mounting a tmpfs on /run/systemd/userdb/ _and_ creating an empty io. Instead the solution I came up with uses a socket proxy to achieve this with systemd-socket-proxyd being the app to use. If the same variable is set twice, the later setting will override the earlier setting. service Now, with the sudo privilege let’s copy the unit file to the /etc/systemd/user directory. conf. 2+debian+tj CPU architectures issue was seen on x86_64 Component systemd-nspawn Expected behaviour you --user contacts the per-user instance of systemd for that UID, which is only started when there is an actual login session for that UID. Comments. sock? When it calls getpwnam, nss-systemd kicks in. Added in version 245. This seems kind of rubbish, really I want Disable DynamicUser:. This simplifies For systemd-journal-remote. You may want a service to start on login on a user joe, but the commands themselves are meant to be run by a common account shared_account. I personally uses a system health monitoring daemon which runs as DynamicUser. Thanks for the reply! In my use, I ended up just stuffing the complexity into a shell script, then calling that (actually) in ExecStartPre. This module DynamicUser=yes: Effectively creates a transient user for the application. Using those defaults is recommended. Note, when you have a service with DynamicUser=yes, it uses a modified mount namespace. It is strongly recommended to avoid running services Known Environment Variables. service: Failed to execute /server. 10 Linux kernel version used 5. service). ). d format. But @allisonkarlitskaya reported that this did not work very reliably. If true, ensures that the service process and all its children can never gain new privileges through execve() (e. Here are the three systemd units I made. service unit (see below), but that might not be the best way to deal with this. However, since we have only two parameters and one is the username, it makes sense to make it a user service instead of a system service. html#DynamicUser= i'm DynamicUser solves this issue by allowing process to define a system user that only exist during run time. py: No such file or directory Mar 11 19:23:49 bigrigv2 systemd[13213]: testweb. service, socket. In that case the service is run from joe's user instance, but the access to the commands could be limited to systemd version the issue has been seen with 241. You don't need to learn complex scripting languages to understand how services start or how the system boots. service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /server. Per the changelog in NEWS, options StateDirectory=, CacheDirectory=, LogsDirectory= and ConfigurationDirectory= are new in 235. If unit names are not specified, the command inspects security settings of all currently loaded service units. Described above, use those services and try running foo. I can only get things to work if I give 0644 permissions to the file. My service's logs do not contain any private information and I'd like regular users to be able to read them. service, this problem has already been solved by not using DynamicUser=yes and by adding/creating the systemd-journal-remote system user account in sysusers. Systemd will create user-2000. I have created directory /opt/1/ and 1. One of the varlink services contacted by nss-systemd is io. Almost like sudo -u On Linux, when you create a user it is usually added to /etc/passwd, and groups it is in are added to /etc/groups. I have succesfully used a dynamic user configuration in the v2ray. More importantly, this bug was discovered when I upgraded systemd-stable from 250. While trying to get #17787 working, I discovered a test failure when building the Arch or Fedora mkosi image. systemd acts as the init system that brings up and maintains user space services when run as the first process on boot (PID 1). bashrc files are generally intended for setting up interactive environments. How is that applied to dynamic user services? Let’s say StateDirectory=foobar is set for a service that has DynamicUser= turned off. SYSTEMD TIMERS Jobs can be easily started independently of their timers. The prescribed network is necessary because the app in the container is a MySQL systemd-userdbd is a system service that multiplexes user/group lookups to all local services that provide JSON user/group record definitions to the system. Some of those units need access to device such as /dev/ttyACM0 (unit is running the zigbee2mqtt project), it is the only unit requiring access to this device. service in addition to the classic /etc/passwd for looking up user information. It will nevertheless query Our currently attempted workaround is to have a foo-owner. Since you are running with a single ID, you will at least need --storage-opt overlay. The International System Dynamics Conference (ISDC) unites global minds with a shared passion for System Dynamics and systems thinking. For a non-root process (UID/GID 1) on linux to open ports below 1024 it needs to have io. 76-1 (f398c54) Used distribution Arch Linux Expected behaviour you didn't see The symlink /var/lib/service -> /var/lib/private/service should have been set. 4-1ubuntu7 Used distribution Ubuntu 22. I am using DynamicUser=True for this service and ConfigurationDirectory=foo and I have placed the secrets file in /etc/foo/ however if the file is owned by root then the service cannot access it. (Note that the latter encodes the maximum UID base systemd-nspawn might pick — given that 64K UIDs are assigned to each container according to this allocation logic, the maximum UID used for this range is hence 1878982656+65535=1879048191. I setup a tmpfilesRules to make /tank/mealie and make the mealie user the owner. Using DynamicUser=yes for systemd units. 它安全, 支持短期, socket 激活和模板服务. 0. It takes a space-separated list of variable assignments. Used distribution Arch Linux Expected behaviour you did $ systemd-analyze security systemd-resolved. Use systemd-analyze syscall-filter to list the actual list of system calls in each filter. 04 (Trusty) now a year away from end-of-life, we’ve been planning and performing upgrades for the soon-to-be legacy OS. I’m trying to implement this idea with this code but it appears that podman-compose has (namespace related?) issues when running under a systemd dynamic user. PID 1) and makes all users (and their groups) synthesized through the DynamicUser= setting in service unit files available to the system (see systemd. Systemd dynamic user is a very nice feature for isolation but starting a service with DynamicUser=yes requires privileges. In a nutshell, user and group will be created dynamically at the start of the service Mar 11 19:23:49 bigrigv2 systemd[13213]: testweb. nss-systemd is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of the GNU C Library (glibc), providing UNIX user and group name resolution for services implementing the User/Group Record Lookup API via Varlink, such as the system and service manager systemd (1) (for its DynamicUser= feature, see systemd. (Might also need to add rpm to the list of packages before that for Fedora, that's another bug) To reproduce: mkosi --default . systemd 235 的发布带来其他改进的同时拓展了动态用户的逻辑. ) (2) Add StateDirectory=data data/uploads, possible by manual pages and possible when DynamicUser=false for See systemd. 04 Hello, i started to learn systemd and tried to create my own service with DynamicUser=true option, but i faced with issues. e. This means that effectively, the system GID range is 101-999. 4-1ubuntu7_amd64 NAME systemd. systemd has an Environment directive which sets environment variables for executed processes. net/blog/dynamic-users-with-systemd. Press Ctrl-] three times within 1s systemd version the issue has been seen with systemd 252 (252. In case of bug report: Steps to reproduce the problem Provided by: systemd_251. DynamicUser. x86_64 Used distribution Fedora Rawhide Expected behaviour you didn't see systemd-networkd (and other services using DynamicUser=, such as systemd-resolved) starts and works # dnf -y install busybox # useradd testuser # mkdir -p cont/usr/{lib,bin} # cp /usr/lib/os-release cont/usr/lib/ # cp /usr/sbin/busybox cont/usr/bin/ls # chown -R 0:0 cont # systemd-nspawn -D cont --private-users=pick --bind-user=testuser --private-users-ownership=chown ls Spawning container cont on /root/cont. . This can be either because of an explicit User setting in the service file or an automatically deduced username based on the service name. Firstly, start with some sane defaults. d file for their custom users and groups in /usr/lib/sysusers. So, it is not necessary to imply BindPaths= when DynamicUser= is not set. freedesktop. How to run services under a non-standard user. My program will use raw sockets and normal sockets (for API), stdout Uses the DynamicUser= feature of Systemd to make a new system user for each hub user dynamically. jcpunk opened this issue Jul 8, 2019 · 11 comments Labels. Takes a boolean argument. I think other units failed before. When a process with DynamicUser ends, the dynamic user gets removed I think the systemd credentials subsystem has some definite potential to allow easier implementation of dynamic users and related security measures in your service orchestration. systemd - does the `DynamicUser` option work with user units and if so, how? 0. Environment. service file it starts ok but is this a security hole? Is it equivalent to chmod 666 /var/run/docker. "Others" do not even have read access. However sometimes I want to completely clean up any persistent data and start it from a blank state, can I do that with some parameters to the systemctl stop command? EDIT: I'm looking for an official parameter Currently, I create the user manually in the container but systemd-run creating the user dynamically when passing --uid would be much simpler. Systemd service with DynamicUser cannot write to its CacheDirectory. This is accomplished by extracting sensitive The systemd project provides three other services implementing this interface. When allocating a dynamic user, a lookup is done in systemd, which fails (because the user doesnt exist, and systemd is going to allocate a dynamic uid for it) but then that answer is cached and after the dynamic user is set up, nscd will still say the user isn't created. It’s trivial to convert a service configuration from one to the other, but we’re taking the opportunity to explore some of the extra bells-and-whistles systemd. The service manager (PID 1) exposes dynamic users (i. If that's true, then your system is using systemd-userdbd. Step 1: Overview on systemd. You will need to come up with some not systemd managed way to create these directories under /var/log/ and /var/cache/. Gentoo. Building a separate EnvironmentFile that you hand-audit for your service means you know exactly what the service is running with, and can configure it separately from the interactive environment. The feature was introduced in systemd v247, which was released November 2020. Among other improvements this greatly extends the dynamic user logic of systemd. 7. The current restriction makes DynamicUser + static UID[1] unusable on debian-based systems. Using systemd user services we’ve now got access to tools such as systemd-analyze security: [myapp@rhel8 ~] systemd-analyze --user security myapp. SystemD has a mechanism for passing files with credentials: LoadCredential. uselibrary opened this issue Dec 5, 2022 · 4 comments Labels. catwok • io. With this blog story I hope to make it See nss-systemd(8) for details. socket, mount. systemd. TL;DR: systemd 现在支持在服务启动时动态分配一个 Unix 用户 ID 给服务进程, 并在它退出时释放用户. Generally, whitelisting system calls (rather than blacklisting) is the safer mode of systemd version the issue has been seen with 251. service which will only be part of the target when a certain condition is met; The service should start and stop whenever the target starts and stops, but never vice-versa; Challenge 1: Getting a Service to Start and Stop with Its Target. DynamicUser ¶. native CPU architectures issue was seen on x86_64 Component other Expected behaviour you didn't se DynamicUser=1 doesn't create a systemd session for the ephemeral user, so there are some limitations even if we manage to get it running. Ask Question Asked 7 years, 1 month ago. If I add SupplementaryGroups=docker to the systemd . I'm not sure if it's systemd's task to fix this. While the process is hanging, you can do the processing you need in the cache directory, including populating it with whatever you want. systemd-userdbd. Rpm >= 4. d entries manually with %add_sysuser macro in Submission type Bug report systemd version the issue has been seen with ebfa2c1 with some PRs Used distribution fedora 26 x86_64 In case of bug report: Expected behaviour you didn't see The user name of a dynamic user can be resolved eve If the state directory already exists, the second dynamic user process would fail with permission denied error, even if the first dynamic user process exits. systemd version the issue has been seen with v239-713-g3457a7a93. Systemd will create user-4000. After all, DynamicUsers= means "use a dynamic user if there is no static user for this". Conclusion. There should be one user per service that need to be run. #DynamicUser=yes CacheDirectory=dnscrypt-proxy LogsDirectory=dnscrypt-proxy RuntimeDirectory=dnscrypt-proxy #CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADM #CapabilityBoundingSet=ipc_lock net_bind_service setgid setuid sys_chroot #CapabilityBoundingSet= NoNewPrivileges=true # Entire file system Systemd recently started to discourage the use of User=nobody. Systemd simplifies system management by using clear, easy-to-read unit files. Many of these environment variables are not supported at the same level as command line switches and other interfaces are: we don’t document them in the man pages and we make no stability guarantees for them. exec(5) for details about this setting This was the easiest way to make a systemd service with DynamicUser=yes and a supplementary group get access to special-file, which is only accessible by said group. DynamicUser → This service is implemented by the service manager itself, and provides records for the users and groups synthesized via DynamicUser= in unit files. systemd version the issue has been seen with systemd 238. Checking the status of the service should now show that the memory. The user of the systemd service is a member of both these groups and can normally access this folder. The docs say that NoNewPrivileges cannot be overridden when using DynamicUser. 4 I have installed Oracle VirtualBox on a Linux server, where I will use a Virtual Machine with RHEL/CentOS 7/8 to verify the steps from this article. DynamicUser → This service is implemented by the service manager itself, and systemd has a DynamicUser feature, see https://www. However, these databases and others can actually come from multiple sources, This post will walk one through a real world migration on how to apply the principle of minimal privilege to a systemd service. The systemd System and Service Manager . Used distribution. If not set, defaults to the root directory when systemd is running as For systemd's system units (the units you operate with systemctl --system (default)), it's possible to specify DynamicUser=yes to make systemd dynamically allocate a systemd-run -p DynamicUser=yes -p StateDirectory=mystatedir --working-directory=/path/to/myworkingdir /path/to/myservice myinitcmd Cool. Fixes systemd#7761. • If systemd starts a DynamicUser service before the LDAP client (`sssd` et al) is up and running, it might allocate a UID that is in use by LDAP. This means that their settings are often not appropriate for services. Maybe it should not abort like that, however, if you have the directory in /run/ _and_ the socket file exists _but_ nothing is listening on it, then your machine is broken in some way. (The normal version of the service runs with the file not on NFS. If this directive is set to true, then systemd creates a new user whenever the service is started. And I have the suspicion that we should use the same codepaths for this regardless if DynamicUsers= is set or not. exec(5) for details on this option. ReadWritePaths does not work anymore with DynamicUser. systemd version the issue has been seen with 238 Used distribution Debian testing Expected behaviour you didn't see HOME variable is set by systemd for the invoked process. We started with a foundational understanding of systemd, DBus, and the challenges of headless systems. exec 中文手册 译者：金 当 DynamicUser=yes 时，也同时隐含的设置了 RemoveIPC=yes 与 PrivateTmp=yes ，从而确保将单元的 IPC 对象与临时文件的生存期 与单元自身的生存期、为该单元动态分配的 user/group 的生存期绑定在一起。 So it turns out my question was sort of incorrect. The command to execute when starting a service with systemctl start export is specified using the ExecStart option. x86_64 Used distribution Fedora rawhide In case of bug report: Unexpected behaviour you saw # systemctl start systemd-timesyncd Job for systemd-ti systemd contains native implementations of various tasks that need to be executed as part of the boot process. crt" is not a "cafile", but the let's encrypt certificate concatenated with the necessary intermediate certificate(s) and the root certificate. We recommend running the command after a specific systemd unit file is updated. service which "owns" the dynamic user, and stays active as long as the socket is (BindsTo=). service: Consumed 3ms CPU time, received 0B IP traffic, sent 0B IP traffic In case of bug report: Steps to reproduce the problem. systemd-homed introduces a new way to handle user sessions. You'll very likely find it says passwd: compat systemd. Packagers will only need to package a sysusers. slice when this user logs in. System UIDs and GIDs are allocated in the 100-999 range, but base-passwd (which ships the base passwd and group files), comes with the 100 GID allocated for the users group. In this way, systemd regards the service as the user’s one. 3 Used distribution NixOS Unstable 22. d/systemd-remote. pressure file access failed and the service startup should be failing with NAMESPACE. g. service in the Now I have a problem - a service needs to run a program that runs a program that needs a suid-root binary. The instant the service is started, /var/lib/foobar is created as state directory, owned by the service’s user and remains in existence when the service is stopped. ixinwr vsc wcvsac ugsceq lnhgb yhl rawe cqbts cbh sty